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Brucellosis

Maltese fever, brucellosis or brucellosis is an animal disease that affects many animals and may then spread to humans in many ways.

A 2-month-old infant receives the first dose of the DTaP vaccine. Which of the following factors significantly increases the risk of developing a hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode (HHE) after vaccination?


A) Preterm birth at 33 weeks gestation

B) Family history of febrile seizures

C) Maternal history of Guillain-Barré syndrome

D) Prior administration of paracetamol before vaccination

✅ Correct Answer: A) Preterm birth at 33 weeks gestation

Explanation: HHE is a rare adverse reaction characterized by sudden hypotonia, pallor, and unresponsiveness after vaccination, most commonly seen after DTaP in infants <6 months old. Preterm infants (<37 weeks) are at higher risk due to immature autonomic regulation. Family history of febrile seizures and maternal Guillain-Barré syndrome do not increase HHE risk, and paracetamol does not contribute to its occurrence.

📖 Source:

● American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). "DTaP Vaccine: Adverse Events and Safety Considerations." AAP, 2022.

A 7-year-old child who has never received any vaccines presents for catch-up immunization. Which of the following vaccines should NOT be administered?


A) Tdap

B) MMR

C) Rotavirus

D) Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)

✅ Correct Answer: C) Rotavirus

Explanation: The rotavirus vaccine is only given to infants, with a maximum age limit for the first dose at 14 weeks and 6 days, and the final dose must be completed by 8 months of age. MMR, IPV, and Tdap can be given as part of a catch-up schedule.

📖 Source:

● Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). "Catch-up Immunization Schedule for Children and Adolescents Aged 4 Months–18 Years." CDC, 2023

Maltese disease complications

Maltese fever has some complications that may be serious, including:

  • Complications of the nervous system include schizophrenia, inflammation of brain cells, cerebrospinal fluid, etc. These complications are serious and may damage brain cells and convulsions.
  • Heart complications include inflammation of the valves and sometimes myocardium.
  • Hepatitis.
  • Inflammation of the testes and the epididymis.


Maltese disease complications

  • If the patient has noticed the continued heat for more than ten days with the presence of the joints, the doctor should see the necessary tests and then take the appropriate treatment.
  • The delay in diagnosis and failure to take appropriate treatment leads to the possibility of complications and failure to respond to treatment.

Protection:

  • Do not use unpasteurized milk or its derivatives…
  • Pasteurization is not just heating or boiling, but is an integrated process of heating and cooling times specific and organized.
  • Take care when washing your hands thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Inspect the animals regularly by the competent veterinarian and give them the necessary vaccinations.
  • Take into account not to mix animals from different factions with each other and take care of their cleanliness and cleanliness of their estates.